2
chever is the later; and
Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article IX of the Convention as revised and paragraph 2(b) of each of the two related protocols, the Convention as revised, together with the two related protocols, entered into force on July 10, 1974.
NOW, THEREFORE, be it known that I, Richard Nixon, President of the United States of America, proclaim and make public the Convention as revised, together with the two related protocols, to the end that they shall be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States of America and by the citizens of the United States of America and all other persons subject to the jurisdiction thereof.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have signed this proclamation and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.
DONE at the city of Washington this eighteenth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred seventy-four and of the independence of [SEAL] the United States of America the one hundred ninety-ninth.
Richard Nixon
By the President: HENRY A. KISSINGER, Secretary of State
The Contracting States.
Moved by the desire to ensure in all countries copyright protection of literary, scientific and artistic works,
Convinced that a system of copyright protection appropriate to all nations of the world and expressed in a universal convention, additional to, and without impairing international systems already in force, will ensure respect for the rights of the individual and encourage the development of literature, the sciences and the arts,
Persuaded that such a universal copyright system will facilitate a wider dissemination of works of the human mind and increase international understanding,
Have resolved to revise the Universal Copyright Convention as signed at Geneva on 6 September 1952 (hereinafter called "the 1952 Convention"), and consequently,
Have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE I
Each Contracting State undertakes to provide for the a