New Latin Grammar, page 19 by Charles E. Bennett
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(v)istÄ«; cÅmÅ for co-emÅ; dÄ“beÅ for dÄ“(h)abeÅ; jÅ«nior for ju(v)enior. nÄ«l for nihil;
3. Parasitic Vowels. In the environment of liquids and nasals a parasitic vowel sometimes develops; as,--
vinculum for earlier vinclum.
So perīculum, saeculum.
4. Syncope. Sometimes a vowel drops out by syncope; as,--
Ärdor for Äridor (compare _Äridus_); valdÄ“ for validÄ“ (compare _validus_).
CONSONANT CHANGES[10]
8. 1. Rhotacism. An original s between vowels became r; as,--
arbÅs, Gen. arboris (for arbosis); genus, Gen. generis (for genesis); dirimÅ (for dis-emÅ).
2. dt, tt, ts each give s or ss; as,--
pēnsum for pend-tum; versum for vert-tum; mīles for mīlet-s; sessus for sedtus; passus for pattus.
3. Final consonants were often omitted; as,--
cor for cord; lac for lact.
4. Assimilation of Consonants. Consonants are often assimilated to a following sound. Thus: accurrÅ (adc-); aggerÅ (adg-); asserÅ (ads-); allÄtus (adl-); apportÅ (adp-); attulÄ« (adt-); arrÄ«deÅ (adr-); afferÅ (adf-); occurrÅ (obc-); suppÅnÅ (subp-); offerÅ (obf-); corruÅ (comr-); collÄtus (coml-); etc.
5. Partial Assimilation. Sometimes the assimilation is only partial. Thus:--
a) b before s or t becomes p; as,--
scrīpsī (scrīb-sī), scrīptum (scrīb-tum).
b) g before s or t becomes c; as,--
Äctus (Äg-tus).
c) m before a dental or guttural becomes n; as,--
eundem (eum-dem); prīnceps (prīm-ceps).
PECULIARITIES OF ORTHOGRAPHY.
9. Many words have variable orthography.
1. Sometimes the different forms belong to diffe