New Latin Grammar, page 89 by Charles E. Bennett
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. Instead of the fuller forms, in such words as dīxistī, scrīpsistis, surrēxisse, we sometimes find dīxtī, scrīpstis, surrēxe, etc.
d. The endings -im, -Ä«s, etc. (for -am, -Äs, etc.) occur in a few Subjunctive forms; as, edim (_eat_), duint, perduint.
5. In the Future Active and Perfect Passive Infinitive, the auxiliary esse is often omitted; as, ÄctÅ«rum for Äcturum esse; Ä“jectus for Ä“jectus esse.
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FORMATION OF THE VERB STEMS.
Formation of the Present Stem.
117. Many verbs employ the simple Verb Stem for the Present Stem;[39] as, dÄ«cere, amÄre, monÄ“re, audÄ«re. Others modify the Verb Stem to form the Present, as follows:--
1. By appending the vowels, Ä, Ä“, Ä«; as,--
Present Stem Verb Stem juvÄre, juvÄ- juv-. augÄ“re, augÄ“- aug-. vincÄ«re, vincÄ«- vinc-.
2. By adding i, as capiÅ, Present Stem capi- (Verb Stem cap-).
3. By the insertion of n (m before labial-mutes) before the final consonant of the Verb Stem; as, fundÅ (Stem fud-), rumpÅ (Stem rup-).
4. By appending -n to the Verb Stem; as,--
cern-Å pell-Å (for pel-nÅ).
5. By appending t to the Verb Stem; as,--
flect-Å.
6. By appending sc to the Verb Stem; as,--
crÄ“sc-Å. scÄ«sc-Å.
7. By Reduplication, that is, by prefixing the initial consonant of the Verb Stem with i; as,--
gi-gn-Å (root gen-), si-st-Å (root sta-).
Formation of the Perfect Stem.
118. The Perfect Stem is formed from the Verb Stem--
1. By adding v (in case of Vowel Stems); as,--
amÄv-Ä«, dÄ“lÄ“v-Ä«, audÄ«v-Ä&la