750
t only are who and which improperly used for as, but the commas before them are also improper, because the relatives are intended to be taken in a restrictive sense. "If there be such that walk disorderly now."--_Ib._, i, p. 488. Here that ought to be _as_; or else such ought to be persons, or _those._ "When such virtues, as which still accompany the truth, are necessarily supposed to be wanting."--_Ib._, i, p. 502. Here which, and the comma before as, should both be expunged. "I shall raise in their minds the same course of thought as has taken possession of my own."--_Duncan's Logic_, p. 61. "The pronoun must be in the same case as the antecedent would be in, if substituted for it."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 181. "The verb must therefore have the same construction as it has in the following sentence."--_Murray's Key_, p. 190. Here as is exactly equivalent to the relative that, and either may be used with equal propriety. We cannot avoid the conclusion, therefore, that, as the latter word is sometimes a conjunction and sometimes a pronoun, so is the former.
OBS. 23.--The relatives that and as have this peculiarity; that, unlike whom and which, they never follow the word on which their case depends; nor indeed can any simple relative be so placed, except it be governed by a preposition or an infinitive. Thus, it is said, (John, xiii, 29th,) "Buy those things that we have need _of_;" so we may say, "Buy such things as we have need of." But we cannot say, "Buy those things of that we have need;" or, "Buy such things of as we have need." Though we may say, "Buy those things of which we have need," as well as, "Buy those things which we have need _of_;" or, "Admit those persons of whom we have need," as well as, "Admit those persons whom we have need _of._" By this i